Tissue distribution following 28 day repeated oral administration of aluminum-based nanoparticles with different properties and the in vitro toxicity
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28840595/
/uploads/arquivos/2017-4JApplToxicol-Al-oral%281%29.pdf
Eun-Jung Park 1, Gwang-Hee Lee 2, Cheolho Yoon 3, Uiseok Jeong 4, Younghun Kim 4, Jaerak Chang 1 5, Dong-Wan Kim 2
PMID: 28840595 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3509
Abstract
The tissue distribution and toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) depend on their physical and chemical properties both in the manufactured condition and within the biological system. We characterized three types of commercially available aluminum-based NPs (Al-NPs), two rod-type aluminum oxide NPs (Al2 O3 , AlONPs), with different aspect ratios (short [S]- and long [L]-AlONPs), and spherical aluminum cerium oxide NPs (AlCeO3 , AlCeONPs). The surface area was in order of the S-AlONPs > L-AlONPs > AlCeONPs. Very importantly, we found that AlCeONPs is Al2 O3 -coated CeO2 NPs, but not AlCeO3 NPs, and that the Al level in AlCeONPs is approximately 20% of those in S- and L-AlONPs. All three types of Al-NPs were slightly ionized in gastric fluid and rapidly particlized in the intestinal fluid. There were no significant differences in the body weight gain following 28 days of repeated oral administration of the three different types of Al-NPs. All Al-NPs elevated Al level in the heart, spleen, kidney and blood at 24 hours after the final dose, accompanied by the altered tissue level of redox reaction-related trace elements. Subsequently, in four types of cells derived from the organs which Al-NPs are accumulated, H9C2 (heart), HEK-293 (kidney), splenocytes and RAW264.7 (blood), S-AlONPs showed a very low uptake level and did not exert significant cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, cytotoxicity and uptake level were the most remarkable in cells treated with AlCeONPs. In conclusion, we suggest that the physicochemical properties of NPs should be examined in detail before the release into the market to prevent unexpected adverse health effects.
Keywords: aluminum oxide nanoparticles; cerium oxide nanoparticles; physicochemical properties; tissue distribution; toxicity.
FIGURE 1 Morphological properties of Al‐NPs. Typical field emission scanning electron microscopy images of (A) S‐ and (B) L‐AlONPs and (C)AlCeONPs. (D) energy‐dispersive spectroscopy mapping profile of al, Ce and O in AlCeONPs. Al‐NPs, aluminum nanoparticles; AlCeONPs,aluminum cerium oxide nanoparticles; L‐AlONPs, long aluminum oxide nanoparticles; S‐AlONPs, short aluminum oxide nanoparticles.
Dose‐related increase in the tissue Al level following repeated administration of Al‐NPs were observed in the kidney, spleen and blood. Additionally, when comparing the higher dose (6 mg kg−1) of Al‐NP‐treated groups and the control group, Al level in the heart, kidney, spleen and blood was significantly increased by the three types of Al‐NPs (Table 4). There was no significant increase in Al from brain,liver, thymus testis and lung when comparing the 6 mg kg−1 dose to the control group. Furthermore, S‐ and L‐AlONPs raised the Al levelin the thymus, and S‐AlONPs and AlCeONPs increased the Al level in the brain.
OBS: The big problem with aluminum is its bioaccumulative effect and its neurotoxicity.
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